flea, on 06 May 2014 - 12:31 AM, said:
People who know more about military history than I do should chime in, but why was an armored knight the dominant military figure at that time? Wasn't it the use of the long bow that doomed that figure?
Yes and no (tl;dnr: no).
The below is basically John Keegan on Agincourt, which I can recommend highly.
Basically, cavalry is only effective against formations that do not stand their ground: horses will not charge into a solid front of men (example: Napoleon's massed cavalry charged a lot of times at Waterloo without breaking a single square (which is 3-5 man thick)).
The trick is that, as herd animals, horses will follow another horse and if that horse can be led through a gap, the remainder of the formation will follow. A gap is either a gap between two formations/units, or a place where the infantry has been softened up and men don't hold solid ranks. This is one of the reasons why a wedge/diamond formation was long the default formation for organized shock cavalry (like Alexander the Great's); it needs small gaps and can be lead decisively by the troop's leader.
A line formation for cavalry of course can project way more force along a far bigger area, but it needs gaps all over the formation, then: that was only achieved when infantry was an unorganised rabble or when anti-personell field artillery became effective (for example, with canister shot). It is not for nothing that in the century of pike warfare (think prior to the 30 years war) cavalry was mainly pistol shooters in carracole formation, and Gustavus Adolphus' return to heavily armored sword cavalry was an massive reform.
When you look at the longbow/crossbow: basically, an arrow
could penetrate heavy armor. It was good against mail (it could punch through it), less so against plate: then the angle of the shot mattered more and curving plate made plate armor highly deflective. It also needs the right amount of force. Against a mass formation, you'd have your archers firing in an arc and the climbing/falling would reduce the penetration in favor of covering an area. Basically, you could murder a lot of badly armoured peasants in a very short amount of time with long bow infantry, but a skilled bowman would maybe get 1 or 2 shots in with enough penetration to actually hurt a knight charging him. A crossbowman would have a better chance due to the nature of the weapon (non-arched, direct fire, more penetration), but he'd have fewer shots due to a long loading time.
A mounted bowman with a recurve/crossbow on a battlefield with enough space for maneuvering could probably really tear up knights as nearly every shot would be at point blank range, but I'd then too aim for the horse.
And that's what the bow was good at: hurting unarmoured horses. And that caused a shitload of panic, would spoil a charge, spook other horses, and give archers more time to shoot more. Add that to the arrival of motivated, well-armed, well-trained (mercenary) infantry that wouldn't run from cavalry but stand against it or dig trenches, and cavalry became a less dominant force.
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In addition to Oberyn there is the fight between Bronn and the knight in the Vale. Yes, Bronn is a superior fighter, but GRRM and the show give us the impression that it is Bronn's quickness that wins the day.
I don't know anything about actual swordfighting apart from a fencing lesson or two, but... GoTs armed combat consists of swings that are made up by a wind-up followed by a release in which the whole body is thrown in to add power. It's a bit like fist fights in early James Bond movies/ John Wayne westerns and it goes against the logic (and Miyamoto Musashi) that maintaining your centre of gravity is essential for optimal speed, blocking power and creating the angles that are hard to parry. It also takes a shitload of space per fighter, hardly ideal for battles.
What little I see of MMA/kick boxing seems to indicate as well (although I am sure Amph will correct me)that you only lash out/lunge when it's a 100% finisher with little to no risk to yourself, unlike GoT fights.
The danger is mostly that pre-swing, GoT swordsmen open themselves up. Each fighter employing that style is basically asking for a quick riposte towards armpit, thigh or neck by a fighter circling away from them, spoiling their angles and taking some of the power out of the hits.
That's not to mention that swords are fairly ineffective against plate armor of the type everyone in GoT is wearing. A mace will dent the plate, restrict movement and rattle the bones of the fighter with each hit that lands... it will probably hurt your wrist if you try to parry it with a sword, too. A warhammer with a sharp, curved spike will punch through plate, as well, and either allows you the use of a shield.
Everyone is entitled to his own wrong opinion. - Lizrad